南の猫の新西蘭雑記

日本も結構好きなのですが、根っこがこっちに深いです。

 娘の鼻風邪 抗生物質編

薬のリンクです。

Sofradex (耳薬)

Dexamethasone belongs to a group of medicines, known as corticosteroids, used for reducing inflammation. Inflammation occurs as a result of allergy or irritation and is caused by the release of substances that are important in the immune system. These substances cause blood vessels to widen, resulting in the affected area becoming red, swollen, itchy and painful. Corticosteroids work by acting within cells to decrease the release of these substances in a particular area, thereby reducing swelling, redness and itch.

Framycetin sulphate belongs to a group of antibiotics called aminoglycosides. These antibiotics have the ability to destroy a wide variety of bacteria. Framycetin binds to components in the bacterial cell, which results in the production of abnormal proteins. These proteins are normally necessary for the bacteria's survival, therefore the production of abnormal proteins is ultimately fatal to the bacteria.

Gramicidin is also an antibacterial medicine. The combination of these two antibiotics provides treatment against a wide variety of bacteria that may infect inflamed eye or ear conditions.

Sofradex (netdoctor.co.uk)より
 抗生物質に抗菌剤にステロイド……二日は続けなさいとのこと……

Augmentin Syrop(抗生物質

Augmentin injection, tablets, dispersible tablets, suspension and Augmentin-duo suspension all contain the active ingredients amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which together are known as co-amoxiclav. (NB. Co-amoxiclav is also available without a brand name, ie as the generic medicine.) Amoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic, and clavulanic acid is a medicine that prevents bacteria from inactivating the amoxicillin. Co-amoxiclav is used to treat infections caused by bacteria.

Amoxicillin works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to form cell walls. The cell walls of bacteria are vital for their survival. They keep unwanted substances from entering their cells and stop the contents of their cells from leaking out. Amoxicillin impairs the bonds that hold the bacterial cell wall together. This allows holes to appear in the cell walls and kills the bacteria.

Certain bacteria are resistant to penicillin-type antibiotics, because they have developed the ability to produce defensive chemicals called beta-lactamases. These interfere with the structure of penicillin-type antibiotics and stop them from working.

Clavulanic acid is a type of medicine known as a beta-lactamase inhibitor. It is included in this medicine because it inhibits the action of the beta-lactamases produced by certain bacteria. It prevents these bacteria from inactivating the amoxicillin, and leaves the bacteria susceptible to attack. Clavulanic acid therefore increases the range of bacteria that amoxicillin can kill.

Co-amoxiclav is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that kills a wide variety of bacteria that cause a wide variety of commonly-occuring infections. Co-amoxiclav may be used to treat infections of the upper or lower airways, skin or soft tissue, or ears. It may also be used to treat urine infections, certain sexually-transmitted infections, dental infections, and infections affecting the blood or internal organs.

To make sure the bacteria causing an infection are susceptible to co-amoxiclav, your doctor may take a tissue sample, for example a swab from the throat or skin, or a urine or blood sample.

Co-amoxiclav injection is used to treat more serious infections, or in cases where the medicine can't be taken by mouth. It may also given to prevent infection following surgery, particularly gastrointestinal, pelvic, major head and neck surgery and after limb amputation. The injection is given by injection or infusion (drip) into a vein.

Augmentin (netdoctor.co.uk)より
 おなかがゆるくなるので、終わってからDigestodoronでも飲ませておこう。

Ibuprofen 100mg/5ml(痛み止め)

Ibuprofen works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase (COX). Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of various chemicals in the body, some of which are known as prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are produced in response to injury and certain diseases and conditions, and cause pain, swelling and inflammation. NSAIDs block the production of these prostaglandins and are therefore effective at reducing inflammation and pain.

Ibuprofen also reduces fever by reducing the production of prostaglandins. Fever is associated with an increase in prostaglandins in the brain, and these prostaglandins cause the body temperature to increase. By reducing prostaglandins in the brain, ibuprofen lowers body temperature and hence reduces fever.

Ibuprofen reduces inflammation and related pain and so can be used to relieve muscular and rheumatic aches and pains. It can also be used to relieve other painful conditions such as headaches, migraine, toothache, nerve pain (neuralgia) and period pain. It is also useful for reducing fever and discomfort associated with colds and flu.

 聞き慣れない名前だと思ったら、商標Nurofenがこれだそうで。今まではPanadol、子供用はPamolが主流でした。その主成分、paracetamolは

Despite its widespread use for over 100 years, we still don't fully understand how paracetamol works to relieve pain and reduce fever. However, it is now thought that it works by reducing the production of prostaglandins in the brain and spinal cord.

Prostaglandins are produced by the body in response to injury and certain diseases. One of their actions is to sensitise nerve endings, so that when the injury is stimulated it causes pain (presumably to prevent us from causing further harm to the area). As paracetamol reduces the production of these nerve sensitising prostaglandins it is thought it may increase our pain threshold, so that although the injury remains, we can feel it less.

It is thought paracetamol reduces fever by affecting an area of the brain that regulates our body temperature (the hypothalamic heat-regulating center).

Paracetamol is about as effective as aspirin at relieving mild to moderate pain and reducing fever, but unlike aspirin it has no anti-inflammatory effect.

Paracetamol can be used to relieve mild to moderate pain associated with conditions such as headaches, migraine, toothache, teething, colds and flu. It is also useful for reducing fever and discomfort associated with colds and flu.

Panadol (netdoctor.co.uk)より
ということで、同じprostaglandinに作用するようです。娘の場合、下手に痛みを押さえると、動き出して悪化するので、極力避けたいところ。

 とりあえず、耳薬と抗生物質(ちゃんと飲んでくれた、ほっ)で落ち着いて、すぐ寝てくれました。